Nutrition

Nutrition: - Signifies a dynamic process in which the food that is consumed is utilized for nourishing the body, is called nutrition.

The term Nutrition is derived from Nourish which implies the food consumed by us and all the reactions through which it is utilized for physical growth, energy and better health.

Relationship of nutrition to health:- The relationship between nutrition and health can be clarified on the basis of the following points:-

1 - Physical and mental growth:- Nutrition is essential for the physical and mental development and day to day energy requirement in the human life span from childhood to old age.

2 - Specific Nutritional Diseases:- The root cause behind the protein calorie malnutrition, goiter, anaemia , nutritional blindness, dysentery are different- nutritional problems. There health problem can be tackled by altering or balancing the diet.

Immunity:- Due to mal nutrition resistance of an individual decreases while susceptibility to infection increases.

Maternal child and family health:- The health of the vulnerable section of the community (expectant mothers and children under 14 yrs of age) is directly and closely related to nutrition. Nutrition is an important factor in high maternal and infant mortality.

Non-communicable diseases:- Mostly mal nutrition is responsible for communicable diseases while many studies indicate that disease like diabetes, CHD, Hypertension and cancer also have relation with nutritional upsets.

Primary health case:- For the achievement Health for all nutrition is one, out of the eight components of primary health care which prove the importance of nutrition in health.

In short, it can be said that health and nutrition cannot be separated.

Ribotyping

Ribotyping is a technique for bacterial identification that employs some of the methods previously discussed for ribosomal RNA Based phylogenetic characterizations. However, unlike comparative sequencing methods, ribotyping does not involve sequencing. Instead it measures the unique pattern that is generated when DNA from an organism is digested by a restriction enzyme & the fragments are separated & probed with a ribosomal RNA prob.

Because differences in ribosomal RNA sequence between two organisms translate in to the presence or absence of specific restriction enzymes. At sites the restriction pattern of a particular bacterial species unique. In fact ribotyping is so specific; it has been given the nickname “Molecular Finger printing” because a unique series of bands appears for virtually any organism.

In practice ribotyping starts with DNA from a colony or liquid culture 0.6 0.4 0.2 0. inkage distance

Using PCR, gones for 16sr RNA and related molecules are amplified, treated with one or more restriction enzymes, separated by electrophoresis, and then probed.

The pattern generated from the fragments of DNA on the gel is then digitized and a computer used to make comparisons at this pattern with patterns from reference organisms available from a database. Ribotyping is both arapid and specific method of Bacterial identification for these reasons , ribotyping has found many applications in clinical diagnostics and for the microbial analyses of food, water and beverages.

Multilocus Sequence Typing

One of the limitations of both ribosomal RNA sequencing and ribotyping is that analysis focus on only a single gene. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) circumvents these problems and is a powerful technology for characterizing strains at organisms within a species.